<p style="text-align: center;">XIA Liang-jun, HU Yu-Jiao, Yao Bing, Chen Li , Cheng Qian , Cheng Jie, XIA You-bing</p><p style="text-align: justify;">(1.Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing 210029,Jiangsu,China;2.Center for Reproductive Medicine,Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Region,PLA,Nanjing 210002,Jiangsu,China;3.Nanjing University of CM,Nanjing 210023,Jiangsu , China)</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Abstract</strong>：<strong>Objective</strong>：To observe the effect of electroacupuncture and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells transplantation in the treatment&nbsp; of thin endometrium and its possible mechanism.&nbsp; &nbsp;Methods：Fifty clean grade adult SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: normal group, model group, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells group（BMSCs）, electroacupuncture group,combined group.Each group of 10. In addition to the normal group, the remaining four groups of rats were used in the estrus 95% ethanol intrauterine injection method to establish a thin endometrial model. The model group was injected with PBS&nbsp; solution&nbsp; after&nbsp; modeling.&nbsp; BMSCs&nbsp; were&nbsp; injected&nbsp; into&nbsp; the&nbsp; stem&nbsp; cell&nbsp; suspension&nbsp; after modeling.Electroacupuncture&nbsp; group&nbsp; in&nbsp; the&nbsp; modeling&nbsp; the&nbsp; next&nbsp; day&nbsp; from&nbsp; the&nbsp; needle&nbsp; &quot;Guan&nbsp; Yuan&quot;, &quot;Sanyinjiao&quot;, &quot;uterus&quot;.The rats in the combined group in addition to injection of cell suspension and were treated&nbsp; with&nbsp; electroacupuncture&nbsp; at&nbsp; the&nbsp; time&nbsp; of&nbsp; modeling. At&nbsp; three&nbsp; emotional&nbsp; cycle&nbsp; after modeling,Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe the changes of endometrial tissue morphology, the&nbsp; thickness&nbsp; of&nbsp; endometrium&nbsp; and&nbsp; the&nbsp; number&nbsp; of&nbsp; vascular&nbsp; glands,The&nbsp; expression&nbsp; of&nbsp; vimentin&nbsp; and cytokeratin was detected by immunohistochemistry.The expression of LIF and hoxa-10 was determined by western blot assay.&nbsp; <strong>Results</strong>：①&nbsp; Compared with the model group, the endometrium of BMSCs group, electroacupuncture&nbsp; group&nbsp; and&nbsp; combined&nbsp; group&nbsp; had&nbsp; different&nbsp; degrees&nbsp; of&nbsp; thickening,&nbsp; the&nbsp; difference&nbsp; was statistically significant(P &lt;0.05). The intimal thickness of the combined group was the closest to the blank group.②&nbsp; Compared with the model control group, the number of endometrial blood vessels and glands in each group increased in different degrees (P&lt;0.05), and the intimal tissues were complete and regenerated to a certain extent.&nbsp; ③&nbsp; The expression of vimentin and cytokeratin was the strongest in the normal group and the weakest in the model group. Electroacupuncture group, BMSCs group and combined group were sequentially&nbsp; enhanced(P&nbsp; &lt;0.05). ④ The&nbsp; expression&nbsp; of&nbsp; LIF&nbsp; and&nbsp; hoxa-10&nbsp; protein&nbsp; in&nbsp; each&nbsp; group&nbsp; was significantly higher than that in model group (P&nbsp; &lt;0.01). The change of LIF and hoxa-10 protein was the most&nbsp; significant&nbsp; (P&nbsp; &lt;0.05).&nbsp; &nbsp; Conclusion：Bone&nbsp; marrow&nbsp; mesenchymal&nbsp; stem&nbsp; cell&nbsp; transplantation&nbsp; and electroacupuncture can promote the regeneration and repair of thin endometrium in rats, And the combined use of both methods to show a better trend.</p><p><strong>Key words</strong>:&nbsp; Electroacupuncture intervention,&nbsp; bone&nbsp; marrow&nbsp; mesenchymal stem cells,&nbsp; Thin endometrium, Endometrial receptivity&nbsp;</p><p><br/></p>