<p style="text-align: center;">DUAN Wen-xiu，&nbsp; WU Zi-jian，&nbsp; HU Ling，&nbsp; SONG Xiao-ge，GONG Chang-ping，HE Lu，Liu Lei，Yu Qing，WANG Jie</p><p style="text-align: center;">（1. School of Acupuncture and Osteology， Anhui University of TCM，&nbsp; &nbsp;Hefei， 230038， Anhui Province，China；2. Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian，Anhui Academy of TCM，Hefei，230038， Anhui Province， China； 3.The Department of Rehabilitation, Anhui Provincial Hospital，)</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Abstract</strong>: <strong>Objective</strong>&nbsp; To study the effect of inhaling moxa-smoke on the respiratory system, based on clinical study for the evaluation of safety in moxibustion process.&nbsp; &nbsp;Methods&nbsp; &nbsp;Basing on the examinations of moxa-smoke concentration which carried out in previous experiment with the indics, the concentration of PM 2.5 in moxa-smoke, to confirm low, moderate and high level concentration of moxa-smoke surroundings. Experiment samples were healthy rats which were divided into control group，low, moderate and high moxa-smoke concentration groups. After 100 days of persistently smoking, the study of different groups were carried out for&nbsp; rat lung function and&nbsp; tissues.&nbsp; Then&nbsp; examine&nbsp; the&nbsp; TNF- α&nbsp; &nbsp;level&nbsp; of&nbsp; blood&nbsp; serum&nbsp; and&nbsp; lung&nbsp; tissue&nbsp; homogenate.&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong>Results&nbsp; </strong>&nbsp;The levels of TNF-α in serum and lung tissue homogenate of high concentration smoke group were significantly higher than those in low concentration moxa-smoke group and moderate moxa-smoke group(P&lt; 0.01). Compared with the control group, there were no significant differences&nbsp; in&nbsp; the&nbsp; 5&nbsp; indexes&nbsp; of&nbsp; lung&nbsp; function&nbsp; (P&gt;&nbsp; 0.05).&nbsp; <strong>&nbsp;Conclusions&nbsp; </strong>&nbsp;Low&nbsp; concentration&nbsp; moxa-smoke&nbsp; do&nbsp; not&nbsp; cause&nbsp; a&nbsp; definite&nbsp; pathological&nbsp; change&nbsp; in&nbsp; lung&nbsp; and&nbsp; bronchial tissues. The levels of TNF-a in serum and lung were increased in high concentration moxa-smoke group,&nbsp; which demonstrated&nbsp; that&nbsp; the&nbsp; long-term&nbsp; high&nbsp; concentration&nbsp; moxa-smoke&nbsp; has&nbsp; a&nbsp; great possibility to a&nbsp; pathological change in the lung and bronchus, as well as the increasing levels of TNF-α&nbsp; in serum and lung tissue homogenate. There was no definite change in lung function in high concentration of moxa- smoke for a long time.&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Key words</strong>：Moxa-Smoke , Concentration, Lung, Respiratory System, Safety</p><p><br/></p>